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they're of French extraction

  • 1 origine

    1  origin
    ♦voorbeelden:
         in origine • originally

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > origine

  • 2 zij zijn van Franse origine

    zij zijn van Franse origine

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > zij zijn van Franse origine

  • 3 souche

    souche [su∫]
    feminine noun
       a. [d'arbre] stump
       b. [de famille, race] de vieille souche of old stock
       c. [de mot] root
       d. [de bactéries, virus] strain
       e. ( = talon) counterfoil
    * * *
    suʃ
    1) ( d'arbre) (tree) stump; ( de vigne) stock
    2) ( origine) stock
    3) Biologie strain
    4) (de carnet, livret) stub
    ••
    * * *
    suʃ nf
    1) [arbre] stump
    2) (= origine)

    être Breton de souche — to have Breton origins, to be of Breton origin

    C'est un Breton de souche. — He has Breton origins., He's of Breton origin.

    3) MÉDECINE strain
    4) [carnet] stub, counterfoil Grande-Bretagne
    * * *
    souche nf
    1 ( d'arbre) (tree) stump; ( de vigne) stock;
    2 ( origine) stock; de souche paysanne of peasant stock; de vieille/bonne souche of old/good stock; être français de souche to be French born and bred; faire souche to establish a line;
    3 Biol strain; souche virale/bactérienne virus/bacterial strain;
    4 (de carnet, livret) stub.
    dormir comme une souche to sleep like a log; rester (planté) comme une souche to be rooted to the spot.
    [suʃ] nom féminin
    1. BOTANIQUE [d'un arbre en terre] stock, bole
    [d'un arbre coupé] stump
    [d'une vigne] stock
    2. [d'un carnet] stub, counterfoil (UK)
    3. [origine] descent, stock
    faire souche [ancêtre] to found ou to start a line
    4. (familier) [crétin] idiot, dumbo
    ————————
    de souche locution adjectivale
    ————————
    de vieille souche locution adjectivale

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > souche

  • 4 Nationalities

    Words like French can also refer to the language (e.g. a French textbook ⇒ Languages) and to the country (e.g. French history ⇒ Countries and continents).
    Note the different use of capital letters in English and French ; adjectives never have capitals in French:
    a French student
    = un étudiant français/une étudiante française
    a French nurse
    = une infirmière française/un infirmier français
    a French tourist
    = un touriste français/une touriste française
    Nouns have capitals in French when they mean a person of a specific nationality:
    a Frenchman
    = un Français
    a Frenchwoman
    = une Française
    French people or the French
    = les Français mpl
    a Chinese man
    = un Chinois
    a Chinese woman
    = une Chinoise
    Chinese people or the Chinese
    = les Chinois mpl
    English sometimes has a special word for a person of a specific nationality ; in French, the same word can almost always be either an adjective (no capitals) or a noun (with capitals):
    Danish
    = danois
    a Dane
    = un Danois, une Danoise
    the Danes
    = les Danois mpl
    Note the alternatives using either adjective (il/elle est… etc.) or noun (c’est…) in French:
    he is French
    = il est français or c’est un Français
    she is French
    = elle est française or c’est une Française
    they are French
    = ( men or mixed) ils sont français or ce sont des Français ( women) elles sont françaises or ce sont des Françaises
    When the subject is a noun, like the teacher or Paul below, the adjective construction is normally used in French:
    the teacher is French
    = le professeur est français
    Paul is French
    = Paul est français
    Anne is French
    = Anne est française
    Paul and Anne are French
    = Paul et Anne sont français
    Other ways of expressing someone’s nationality or origins are:
    he’s of French extraction
    = il est d’origine française
    she was born in Germany
    = elle est née en Allemagne
    he is a Spanish citizen
    = il est espagnol
    a Belgian national
    = un ressortissant belge
    she comes from Nepal
    = elle vient du Népal

    Big English-French dictionary > Nationalities

  • 5 ascendencia

    f.
    1 descent (linaje).
    2 ascendancy, ancestry, birth, blood.
    3 total amount.
    * * *
    1 ancestry, ancestors plural
    ■ era alemán, pero de ascendencia polaca he was German, but of Polish descent
    2 (influencia) ascendancy
    * * *
    noun f.
    descent, ancestry, origin
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=linaje) ancestry; (=origen) origin
    2) (=dominio) ascendancy; (=influencia) hold, influence
    * * *
    a) (origen, linaje) ancestry
    b) (AmL) ascendiente 2)
    * * *
    = ascendancy, descent, ancestry, parentage, lineage, stock.
    Ex. Their ascendancy may be traced through the Main or tumbler machine of 1840, Payne's Wharfedale stop-cylinder machine of 1858, and the improved Wharfedales produced by Paine and others in the mid 1860s.
    Ex. The editions of a work need have little in common other than descent from a common origin.
    Ex. These terms are necessarily rather vague, but have a very respectable ancestry (they go back to Aristotle).
    Ex. The database may, as a result of its parentage, be handicapped by features that are not suited to computerized retrieval.
    Ex. The lineage of PRECIS indexing: PRECIS indexing has roots in faceted classification.
    Ex. It also proves the absurdity of Nazi race theories of 'racial purity,' since the various peoples of Mitteleurope, the Germans in particular, are among the most mixed stocks in Europe.
    ----
    * ascendencia + remontarse a = trace + ascendancy.
    * de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.
    * tener una ascendencia = descend from + ancestry.
    * * *
    a) (origen, linaje) ancestry
    b) (AmL) ascendiente 2)
    * * *
    = ascendancy, descent, ancestry, parentage, lineage, stock.

    Ex: Their ascendancy may be traced through the Main or tumbler machine of 1840, Payne's Wharfedale stop-cylinder machine of 1858, and the improved Wharfedales produced by Paine and others in the mid 1860s.

    Ex: The editions of a work need have little in common other than descent from a common origin.
    Ex: These terms are necessarily rather vague, but have a very respectable ancestry (they go back to Aristotle).
    Ex: The database may, as a result of its parentage, be handicapped by features that are not suited to computerized retrieval.
    Ex: The lineage of PRECIS indexing: PRECIS indexing has roots in faceted classification.
    Ex: It also proves the absurdity of Nazi race theories of 'racial purity,' since the various peoples of Mitteleurope, the Germans in particular, are among the most mixed stocks in Europe.
    * ascendencia + remontarse a = trace + ascendancy.
    * de ascendencia + Adjetivo = of + Adjetivo + descent.
    * tener una ascendencia = descend from + ancestry.

    * * *
    1 (origen, linaje) ancestry
    es de ascendencia francesa he is of French descent o extraction o ancestry
    de ascendencia noble of noble ancestry
    su ascendencia humilde her humble origins
    2 ( AmL) ascendiente mf B. (↑ ascendiente)
    * * *

    ascendencia sustantivo femenino




    ascendencia sustantivo femenino ancestry, ancestors pl; de ascendencia peruana, of Peruvian descent
    ' ascendencia' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    casta
    - influencia
    - origen
    English:
    ancestry
    - descent
    * * *
    1. [linaje] descent, ancestry;
    [extracción social] extraction;
    de ascendencia aristocrática of aristocratic ancestry;
    soy de ascendencia mexicana I'm of Mexican extraction
    2. [influencia] ascendancy
    * * *
    f ancestry
    * * *
    1) : ancestry, descent
    2)
    ascendencia sobre : influence over

    Spanish-English dictionary > ascendencia

  • 6 naissance

    naissance [nεsɑ̃s]
    feminine noun
       a. birth
    • donner naissance à [+ enfant] to give birth to ; [+ rumeurs, mouvement] to give rise to
       b. [de rivière] source ; [d'ongles] root ; [de cou] base
    • prendre naissance [projet, idée] to originate ; [soupçon, sentiment] to arise
    * * *
    nɛsɑ̃s
    1) ( d'enfant) birth

    de naissance — [italien] by birth; [sourd] from birth

    c'est de naissance chez lui — (colloq) he was born like that

    à ma/ta naissance — when I was/you were born

    16% des naissances — 16% of births

    2) (d'œuvre, de courant, sentiment) birth; ( de produit) first appearance; ( de rumeur) start

    la naissance du jour — liter daybreak

    3) ( base)
    * * *
    nɛsɑ̃s nf

    donner naissance à [enfant] — to give birth to, figto give rise to

    * * *
    1 ( début de la vie) birth; naissance prématurée premature birth; date et lieu de naissance date and place of birth; italien de naissance Italian by birth; sourd/paralysé de naissance deaf/paralysedGB from birth; c'est de naissance chez lui he was born like that; donner naissance à to give birth to; à ma/ta naissance when I was/you were born; dès leur naissance on les pèse as soon as they are born they're weighed;
    2 ( enfant qui naît) birth; 16% des naissances 16% of births;
    3 ( début) (d'œuvre, de mouvement, courant, sentiment) birth; ( de produit) first appearance; (de télévision, technologie) birth; ( de rumeur) start; le mouvement a pris naissance dans le milieu ouvrier the movement sprang up in the working classes; l'idée a donné naissance à de multiples œuvres the idea gave rise to many works;
    4 ( base) il a une cicatrice à la naissance du cou he has a scar at the base of his neck.
    [nɛsɑ̃s] nom féminin
    à ta naissance at your birth, when you were born
    2. (soutenu) [début - d'un sentiment, d'une idée] birth ; [ - d'un mouvement, d'une démocratie, d'une ère] birth, dawn
    a. [mouvement] to arise, to originate
    b. [idée] to originate, to be born
    c. [sentiment] to arise, to be born
    3. (soutenu) [endroit]
    ————————
    à la naissance locution adverbiale
    ————————
    de naissance locution adverbiale
    1. [congénitalement] congenitally, from birth
    elle est aveugle de naissance she was born blind, she's been blind from birth
    il est bête, c'est de naissance! (familier) he was born stupid!
    2. [d'extraction]

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > naissance

  • 7 Paul, Lewis

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    d. April 1759 Brook Green, London, England
    [br]
    English inventor of hand carding machines and partner with Wyatt in early spinning machines.
    [br]
    Lewis Paul, apparently of French Huguenot extraction, was quite young when his father died. His father was Physician to Lord Shaftsbury, who acted as Lewis Paul's guardian. In 1728 Paul made a runaway match with a widow and apparently came into her property when she died a year later. He must have subsequently remarried. In 1732 he invented a pinking machine for making the edges of shrouds out of which he derived some profit.
    Why Paul went to Birmingham is unknown, but he helped finance some of Wyatt's earlier inventions. Judging by the later patents taken out by Paul, it is probable that he was the one interested in spinning, turning to Wyatt for help in the construction of his spinning machine because he had no mechanical skills. The two men may have been involved in this as early as 1733, although it is more likely that they began this work in 1735. Wyatt went to London to construct a model and in 1736 helped to apply for a patent, which was granted in 1738 in the name of Paul. The patent shows that Paul and Wyatt had a number of different ways of spinning in mind, but contains no drawings of the machines. In one part there is a description of sets of rollers to draw the cotton out more finely that could have been similar to those later used by Richard Arkwright. However, it would seem that Paul and Wyatt followed the other main method described, which might be called spindle drafting, where the fibres are drawn out between the nip of a pair of rollers and the tip of the spindle; this method is unsatisfactory for continuous spinning and results in an uneven yarn.
    The spinning venture was supported by Thomas Warren, a well-known Birmingham printer, Edward Cave of Gentleman's Magazine, Dr Robert James of fever-powder celebrity, Mrs Desmoulins, and others. Dr Samuel Johnson also took much interest. In 1741 a mill powered by two asses was equipped at the Upper Priory, Birmingham, with, machinery for spinning cotton being constructed by Wyatt. Licences for using the invention were sold to other people including Edward Cave, who established a mill at Northampton, so the enterprise seemed to have great promise. A spinning machine must be supplied with fibres suitably prepared, so carding machines had to be developed. Work was in hand on one in 1740 and in 1748 Paul took out another patent for two types of carding device, possibly prompted by the patent taken out by Daniel Bourn. Both of Paul's devices were worked by hand and the carded fibres were laid onto a strip of paper. The paper and fibres were then rolled up and placed in the spinning machine. In 1757 John Dyer wrote a poem entitled The Fleece, which describes a circular spinning machine of the type depicted in a patent taken out by Paul in 1758. Drawings in this patent show that this method of spinning was different from Arkwright's. Paul endeavoured to have the machine introduced into the Foundling Hospital, but his death in early 1759 stopped all further development. He was buried at Paddington on 30 April that year.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1738, British patent no. 562 (spinning machine). 1748, British patent no. 636 (carding machine).
    1758, British patent no. 724 (circular spinning machine).
    Further Reading
    G.J.French, 1859, The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, London, App. This should be read in conjunction with R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester, which shows that the roller drafting system on Paul's later spinning machine worked on the wrong principles.
    A.P.Wadsworth and J.de L.Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, 1600–1780, Manchester (provides good coverage of the partnership of Paul and Wyatt and the early mills).
    E.Baines, 1835, History of the Cotton Manufacture in Great Britain, London (this publication must be mentioned, but is now out of date).
    A.Seymour-Jones, 1921, "The invention of roller drawing in cotton spinning", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 1 (a more modern account).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Paul, Lewis

  • 8 Mouriés, Hippolyte Mège

    [br]
    b. 24 October 1817 Draguignan, France
    d. 1880 France
    [br]
    French inventor of margarine.
    [br]
    The son of a schoolmaster. Mouriés became a chemist's assistant in his home town at the age of 16. He then spent a period of training in Aix-enProvence, and in 1838 he moved to Paris, where he became Assistant to the Resident Pharmacist at the Hotel Dieu Hospital. He stayed there until 1846 but never sat his final exams. His main success during this period was with the drug Copahin, which was used against syphilis; he invented an oral formulation of the drug by treating it with nitric acid. In the 1840s he took out various patents relating to tanning and to sugar extraction, and in the 1850s he turned his attention to food research. He developed a health chocolate with his calcium phosphate protein, and also developed a method that made it possible to gain 14 per cent more white bread from a given quantity of wheat. He lectured on this process in Berlin and Brussels and was awarded two gold medals. After 1862 he concentrated his research on fats. His margarine process was based on the cold saponification of milk in fat emulsions and was patented in both France and Britain in 1869. These experiments were carried out at the Ferme Impériale de La Faisanderie in Vincennes, the personal property of the Emperor, and it is therefore likely that they were State-funded. He sold his knowledge to the Dutch firm Jurgens in 1871, and between 1873 and 1874 he also sold his British, American and Prussian rights. His final patent, in 1875, was for canned meat.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Napoleon III awarded him the Légion d'honneur for his work on wheat and bread.
    Further Reading
    J.H.van Stuyvenberg (ed.), Margarine: An Economic, Social and Scientific History, 1869–1969 (provides a brief outline of the life of Mouriés in a comprehensive history of his discovery).
    AP

    Biographical history of technology > Mouriés, Hippolyte Mège

  • 9 Solvay, Ernest

    SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology
    [br]
    b. 16 April 1838 Rebcq, near Brussels, Belgium
    d. 26 May 1922 Brussels, Belgium
    [br]
    Belgian manufacturer, first successfully to produce soda by the ammonia-soda process.
    [br]
    From the beginning of the nineteenth century, soda had been manufactured by the Leblanc process. Important though it was, serious drawbacks had shown themselves early on. The worst was the noxious alkali waste left after the extraction of the soda, in such large quantities that two tons of waste were produced for one of soda. The first attempt to work out an alternative process was by the French scientist and engineer A.J. Fresnel, but it failed. The process consisted essentially of passing carbon dioxide into a solution of ammonia in brine (sodium chloride). The product, sodium bicarbonate, could easily be converted to soda by heating. For over half a century, practical difficulties, principally the volatility of the ammonia, dogged the process and a viable solution eluded successive chemists, including James Muspratt and William Deacon.
    Finally, Ernest Solvay and his brother Alfred tackled the problem, and in 1861 they filed a Belgian patent for improvements, notably the introduction of a carbonating tower, which made the process continuous. The first works were set up at Couillet in 1863, but four further years of hard work were still needed to overcome teething troubles. Once the Solvay ammonia-soda process was working well, it made rapid strides. It was introduced into Britain in 1872 under licence to Ludwig Mond and four years later Solvay opened the large Dombaske works in France.
    Solvay was a member of the Belgian Senate and a Minister of State. International institutes of physics, chemistry and sociology are named after him.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    P.Heger and C.Lefebvre, 1919, La vie d'Ernest Solvay.
    Obituary, 1922, Ind. Eng. Chem.: 1,156.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Solvay, Ernest

  • 10 Williams, Thomas

    [br]
    b. 13 May 1737 Cefn Coch, Anglesey, Wales
    d. 29 November 1802 Bath, England
    [br]
    Welsh lawyer, mine-owner and industrialist.
    [br]
    Williams was articled by his father, Owen Williams of Treffos in Anglesey, to the prominent Flintshire lawyer John Lloyd, whose daughter Catherine he is believed to have married. By 1769 Williams, lessee of the mansion and estate of Llanidan, was an able lawyer with excellent connections in Anglesey. His life changed dramatically when he agreed to act on behalf of the Lewis and Hughes families of Llysdulas, who had begun a lawsuit against Sir Nicholas Bayly of Plas Newydd concerning the ownership and mineral rights of copper mines on the western side of Parys mountain. During a prolonged period of litigation, Williams managed these mines for Margaret Lewis on behalf of Edward Hughes, who was established after a judgement in Chancery in 1776 as one of two legal proprietors, the other being Nicholas Bayly. The latter then decided to lease his portion to the London banker John Dawes, who in 1778 joined Hughes and Thomas Williams when they founded the Parys Mine Company.
    As the active partner in this enterprise, Williams began to establish his own smelting and fabricating works in South Wales, Lancashire and Flintshire, where coal was cheap. He soon broke the power of Associated Smelters, a combine holding the Anglesey mine owners to ransom. The low production cost of Anglesey ore gave him a great advantage over the Cornish mines and he secured very profitable contracts for the copper sheathing of naval and other vessels. After several British and French copper-bottomed ships were lost because of corrosion failure of the iron nails and bolts used to secure the sheathing, Williams introduced a process for manufacturing heavily work-hardened copper bolts and spikes which could be substituted directly for iron fixings, avoiding the corrosion difficulty. His new product was adopted by the Admiralty in 1784 and was soon used extensively in British and European dockyards.
    In 1785 Williams entered into partnership with Lord Uxbridge, son and heir of Nicholas Bayly, to run the Mona Mine Company at the Eastern end of Parys Mountain. This move ended much enmity and litigation and put Williams in effective control of all Anglesey copper. In the same year, Williams, with Matthew Boulton and John Wilkinson, persuaded the Cornish miners to establish a trade cooperative, the Cornish Metal Company, to market their ores. When this began to fall in 1787, Williams took over its administration, assets and stocks and until 1792 controlled the output and sale of all British copper. He became known as the "Copper King" and the output of his many producers was sold by the Copper Offices he established in London, Liverpool and Birmingham. In 1790 he became Member of Parliament for the borough of Great Marlow, and in 1792 he and Edward Hughes established the Chester and North Wales Bank, which in 1900 was absorbed by the Lloyds group.
    After 1792 the output of the Anglesey mines started to decline and Williams began to buy copper from all available sources. The price of copper rose and he was accused of abusing his monopoly. By this time, however, his health had begun to deteriorate and he retreated to Bath.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    J.R.Harris, 1964, The "Copper King", Liverpool University Press.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Williams, Thomas

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